The JSCM is awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense only to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, after 1 January 1963, distinguished themselves by meritorious achievement or service. A bronze "V" is authorized if the citation is for an act or service involving direct participation in combat operations during the period 25 June 1963 to 31 March 1976. Effective 1 April 1976, the "V" device is authorized if the citation is approved for valor (heroism) in a designated combat area.

The four hexagons (representing the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps Commendation Medals) are joined to symbolize the joint service nature of the award as does the stylized heraldic delineation representing land, sea and air. The eagle, shield of the United States, arrows and thirteen stars are taken from the seal of the Department of Defense and refer to the medal being awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense. The gold laurel wreath and gold color signify achievement and award. The color green is symbolic of faithfulness and unity. The green (same shade as the green enamel on the pendant) and white stripes of the ribbon were suggested by the ribbons of the Army and Navy Commendation Medals. The broad stripes of blue (Bluebird) flanking the white and green stripes refer to the Department of Defense.